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摘自：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e872bc12f583

1、5.7初始化方法：

1.1初始化数据，初始化管理员的临时密码

$ mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

2019-04-18T03:21:53.381108Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-04-18T03:21:54.583415Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-04-18T03:21:54.697859Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-04-18T03:21:54.760821Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 1daa0c57-6189-11e9-bc80-000c294234c8.
2019-04-18T03:21:54.770856Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-04-18T03:21:54.772016Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9LN.fh_Ea#uU

新特性重要说明:
5.7开始,MySQL加入了全新的 密码的安全机制:
1.初始化完成后,会生成临时密码(显示到屏幕上,并且会往日志中记一份)
2.密码复杂度:长度:超过12位? 复杂度:字符混乱组合
3.密码过期时间180天

1.2初始化数据，初始化管理员的密码为空

[root@localhost ~]# \rm -rf  /data/mysql/*
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

2019-04-18T03:37:43.146018Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-04-18T03:37:43.892132Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-04-18T03:37:43.970412Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-04-18T03:37:44.029490Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5378f3b3-618b-11e9-9164-000c294234c8.
2019-04-18T03:37:44.041469Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-04-18T03:37:44.042348Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

2、5.6初始化的区别

$ /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

3、默认配置文件

[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
server_id=6
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

4.使用systemd管理mysql

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

5.修改用户密码方法

mysql>set password for root@localhost = password('xxxxx');
mysql>alter user root@localhost identified by 'xxxxx';

#column password/authentication_string
mysql>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('xxxxxx') where user='xxxx' and Host ='localhost';
mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to root@localhost identified by 'xxxxxx';


mysqladmin -uroot -p oldpass password newpass

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